Wednesday, September 3, 2008

Antigone and civil/human rights

To me, understanding the difference between civil and human rights is essential to understanding Sophocles's purpose in writing the tragedy Antigone. Civil rights are rights approved by the government, or basically privileges. But, there are differences between privileges and rights. A civil right would be freedom of speech, or assembly. A privilege would be the right to drive, or having a license. Both can be taken away, but a civil right is more important than a privilege. A human right is above civil right. It is something that all of humanity shares, a right given to all people. To me, this would be something along the lines of having the right to eat, to have sufficient food to survive. That is something all humans deserve, as it is essential to survive. Breaking a human right, or taking one away from a person, is immoral and wrong. Genocide, for example, is when human rights are taken away, and look at the consequences. It is catastrophic. A government can take away civil rights if it sees fit, although people may not like it. That, to me, is reasonable, and understandable. But, taking away human rights is wrong, and it should be forbidden. In Antigone, the dilemma faced by the main character, Antigone, is whether to follow the laws of her city, or those of the gods. To me, the laws of the city represent the guidelines of the people's civil rights, whereas the laws of the gods set the blueprint for human rights. The right to burial is a human right then, based on my interpretation. Antigone sees this in a very similar way, as she decides to follow the laws of the gods over those of the city, or the king, and bury her brother, which King Creon forbid. She follows her sense of ethics and goes against laws restricting human rights to ensure that they are followed. This is what Sophocles is trying to show, that human rights come before the law, they are above it. And, if a government tries to restrict these rights, it is a person's responsibility to ensure that these rights are followed, even if you do break the laws of the government, or in this case, the king. I believe that this is the correct interpretation of civil and human rights. This is evident based on the large number of genocides that have occurred throughout the twentieth century. If people in those countries had been willing to disobey their governments to do the right thing, to preserve human rights, millions of lives could have been saved. This is why Sophocles wants us, as readers, to understand that human rights are far more important than some law created by a government. Without these rights, civilization and humanity would cease to exist, as utter chaos would ensue without them. So, what is my interpretation. Be a rebel against authority if necessary to preserve yours, and people's, human rights, as they are more important than any government. I say rise up, and fight to ensure that all of the world has these human rights, that everyone can say they are equal in this respect. That, in the end, is what Antigone represents in the tragedy Antigone, the belief that human rights are more important than any law, and that people need to fight for them, whatever the cost.

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